Monday, May 13, 2019

Režiserji svojih lastnih življenj

Režiserji svojih lastnih življenj


Režiserji svojih lastnih življenj

Nikolai Jeffs je soavtor dokumentarnega filma Borili se bomo proti njim: kriki k razumevanju starega nasilja nove Evrope (2004).

Film je  posnel skupaj z Andrejem Pavliščem. in je  v celoti dostopen na svetovnem spletu www.kiberpipa.org/video/MutualAidSituations/
Ni ga dokumenta civilizacije, ki ne bi bil hkrati  tudi dokument barbarstva. Ta rečenica filozofa Walterja Benjamina velja tudi za film. Na primer Griffithova klasika Rojstvo nacije poveličuje Ku-Klux-Klan. Velika večina filmov se vrti okoli nasilnega, profitno-orientiranega in patriarhalnega upredmetenja žensk. Ena ključnih ženskih režiserk vseh časov – Leni Reifenstahl – pa se je proslavila tako, da je proslavila naciste.
Toda podvajanje družbenih  presodkov ter nasilja ni neibežna usoda filma. Micheal Caine je postal igralec zato, ker je  želel pripomoči k pozitivni filmski upodobitvi britanskega delavstva. Namreč, če je to bilo sploh prisotno na platnu,  potem je bilo prisotno na obrobju pogleda in dogajanja; ali pa je bilo sredstvo komične karakterizacije in negativne stereotipizacije. Jasno je, da digniteta in načelnost prineseta s seboj tveganje. Igralec in režiser Sidney Poitier (sicer pa prvi afro-ameriški dobitnik oskarja) je raje zavračal vloge, kot pa prispeval k neetični upodobitvi črncev. Včasih je s tem tvegal izolacijo, nezaposlenost, pozabo. Toda,  ali je alternativa – prispevati k še nadaljnji družbeni potlačitvi – sploh sprejemljiva?
Proces spreminjanja nas vseh iz objektov filmske pripovedi v subjekte svojega življenja  nujno zadeva tudi širši kontekst, v katerem film nastaja. Denar in ugled, s katerim razpologajo velike filmske zvezde, je lahko vrtoglav. Toda, delavstvo in etnične manjšine postanejo le predmet medvedje usluge svetohlincev, če ob zvezdnikih, kot sta Caine in Poitier, še vedno nič ne vemo o tisti prekarni delavki iz cateringa, ki jima je med snemanjem prinašala čaj in kavo,  da  niti ne govorimo o žalostnih dejstvih majhnega števila ženskih režiserk in statistih, ki po končanem snemalnem dnevu v svojih življenjih ostajajo natančno to – statisti, katerih kulturne, ekonomske in politične pravice so izjemno majhne.
 Demokratičnega filma ne more posneti režiser, čigar delo je ponavadi mešanica fevdalnih in totalitarnih osebnih odnosov. Če je zločinsko brenkati na mile strune, medtem ko Rim gori,  je nemalo neodgovorno vztrajati, da naj medtem kamera kar teče, iskati najboljši kadre pogorišča in misliti na možnosti čim širše distribucije velikega spektakla.
Film naj bi bil predvsem sredstvo, ne pa cilj ustvarjanja. To pa vključuje spoznanje, da je treba včasih spremeniti pogoje dela, estetiko in sam medij – celo do te mere, da se ukine – in to prav z namenom ciljne usmerjenosti filma. Drugače imamo žal opraviti le s sebično kanibalizacijo obstoječih družbenih protislovij in trpljenja. Na primer ključna razlika med filmom o izbrisanih, ki ga je pred kratkim naredil Dimitar Anakiev in celovečernimi deli Damjana Kozoleta (Pornofilm, Rezervni deli) ne sestoji samo v razliki med dokumentarnim in igranim filmom, digitalno snemalno tehniko in klasičnim celuloidom. Za Anakieva je usoda izbrisanih težka individualna in kolektivna tragedija, ki je pravzaprav ne bi smelo biti. Končni cilj filma je pravzaprav odprava razlogov, zavoljo katerih je sam film nastal.
V nasprotju s tem pa imamo pri Kozoletovih filmih občutek, da so prostitucija in prebežniki ter drugi negativni pojavi post- socialistične tranzicije ter globalizacije  le material za dobro zgodbo. Ta daje režiserju priložnost za delo in pridih družbene angažiranosti. Smisel materiala je samo v tem, da ga Kozole ovekoveči, je sredstvo njegove lastne veličine. S tem pa Kozole nehote pritrjuje družbenim pojavom in tipom, ki jih upodablja.
Sodobni film je vpet v svojevrsten paradoks. Ta najbolj dostopna, množična in razširjena umetniška zvrst  je kapitalsko intenziven proizvod izključevalne in hierarhične strukture dela. Tudi s tem je film odvisen od družbene organizacije, ki temelji na izkoriščanju in nasilju.  Če hočejo biti cineaisti del rešitve, ne pa del problema, potem je nujno, da reflektirajo tudi to svojo vpetost, odprejo in demokratizirajo sam film, ga osvobodijo pokornosti politiki in kapitalu. Naloga naprednih in odgovornih filmskih ustvarjalcev je omogočiti, da vsi postanemo scenaristi, glavni igralci in režiserji svojih lastnih življenj ter da to počnemo brez rizičnosti in strahu. 

Friday, May 10, 2019

FROM WIKIPEDIA / Eng

Dimitar Anakiev at Fukuoka airport, 2007 (photo Richard Gilbert)


Dimitar Anakiev (Dimitar Grigorov Anakiev) is an independent filmmaker, writer and poet, who was born in Belgrade in 1960. He completed his Faculty of Medicine at University of Niš in Niš, Serbia, in 1986 and worked seven years as a medical doctor. He resided in Slovenia, beginning in 1987, but shortly thereafter and without warning found himself among the victims of administrative ethnic cleansing ("Erased"), the result of secret illegal action enacted 26 February 1992 by the democratic Slovenian government one year after the disintegration of the state of Yugoslavia. For 10 years Anakiev was compelled to live without personal documents (such as passport or personal identification), rendering him an invisible prisoner of the Slovenian democracy. At this point he purchased a small video camera and began his film career, in an attempt to make himself and other marginal Balkan people visible. The success of his films (including winning the Slovenian national film award) has made it possible for Anakiev to continue filmmaking as a producer, director and writer. His company, Dimitar Anakiev Films s.p.-DAF (now Anakiev Production) specializes in socially engaged films of the Balkans in the post-communist era. Anakiev is a founding member of the Slovenian Director Guild, and a member of the Slovenian Filmmaker Association.


Selected films[edit]


  • Amigo, 36', DV, KDZ Tolmin-AFC Beograd, 2003
  • Rubbed Out, 45', DV, Dimitar Anakiev Films, Tolmin, 2004
  • Ti si jedini gazda ove kuće, 15’, 35 mm, DAF, Tolmin, 2006
  • Srpski ekseri, 50', DV, DAF-Film Fokus, Radovljica-Niš, 2007
  • Poslednji Žilnik, 61', DV, DAF-Film Fokus, Radovljica-Niš, 2007
  • Slovenija moja dežela, 51 min, HD, Anakiev Production, Radovljica, 2012
  • Normalno življenje, 86 min, HD, Anakiev Production, Radovljica, 2012
  • Not Allowed, 45 min, UHD, Anakiev Production, Radovljica, 2018

Film awards[edit]


  • Vesna National Award for Documentary Film, Celje, 2003
  • High Artistic Achievement Golden Knight, Moscow Film Festival, 2003
  • Best Documentary, DokMa 2007, international competition, Maribor, 2007
  • Bronze Horseshoe 2008, Asterfest, Strumica, 2008

Tributes[edit]


“Destiny of the erased people is for Mr. Anakiev an individual and collective tragedy that should actually never happen. The ultimate purpose of the film is to eliminate reasons, that caused this film to be made.”[1]
- Dr. Nikolai Jeffs, critic, University of Ljubljana
“Although Mr Anakiev is telling the story through the personal stories, he manages to show the lives of the erased through many different dimension and therefore offers a holistic picture.”
- Nataša Posel, director, Amnesty International Slovenia[2]
“Mr. Anakiev is a compassionate artist who seeks to improve life for his subjects and bring attention to the neglected, and in this, he is a rare and vital talent... Anakiev is in possession of personal methodology of documentary filmmaking which will enable him to follow destinies of his heroes with different ethnic backgrounds but at the same time to present the realities in social, political and economic circumstances...”[2]
- Želimir Žilnik, Serbian film director
"As an erased person, Anakiev’s radical ethical act was to give up practicing medicine to become a film-maker. He helped educate a generation of Slovenians through powerful films that juxtaposed the actions of politicians and rightwing nationals with the day-to-day privations of erased people. His use of montage reflects Eisenstein’s revolutionary dialectics and, ironically, Anakiev’s film practices raise awareness of the brutal imperialism that is sometimes embedded in what we have come to think of as democracy."[3]
- Stuart C. Aitken, anthropologist, San Diego State University
"."Dimitar Anakiev has been a filmmaker from the social margin for three decades - by subject matter and by the circumstances in which he creates. He was one of the first who treated the problem of erased people in Slovenia – he also was erased for ten years himself -. His first documentary, Amigo, a portrait of Walter Dragosavljević Rutar, won the award for best documentary at the Slovenian Film Festival in Celje in 2003. He also receives awards from international festivals. He is not only independent in production, but also in film format choices: everything from a few minutes to a feature film can be found. If his films are bound by any red thread, this is loyalty to the documentary style of work and stubborn engagement for the benefit of all possible sidekicks." "
- Zdravko Duša, Slovenian screen writer, dramaturg, translator and editor